The stone bund is an embankment constructed along the contour to minimize soil erosion and prevent runoff damage from downstream fields. It is constructed from stone/soil, with a ditch at the upper side of the bund for stabilisation. The technology is suitable for areas with gentle to undulating slopes and in cultivated areas with moderate soil depth.

A low cost and an easy activity for protecting agricultural lands, gardens and public infrastructure from the damages of flash flood. The plantation of long root trees in lower catchment areas is to hold the soil in place with their root structures, decreasing land degradation and soil erosion. Cuttings of willow and poplar also serve as wind breaks. Protection by fencing with barbed wire in two first years also prevents grazing of leaves and new branches by animals.

An artificial drainage channel constructed along a steep slope to receive run-off from cut-off drains and graded structures and safely drain it towards a natural waterway. The waterway carries excess water to the river, reservoirs or gullies safely without creating erosion. Vegetative waterways can be used in place of stones and for gentler slopes. Paved waterways are suitable in steeper terrains and areas with large amount of stones.

A stone bund is an embankment of stones constructed across the slope along a contour. The stone wall is stabilized with grasses and fodder plant species. Its main purpose is moisture harvesting and controlling soil erosion from cultivated fields so that the plants have sufficient soil depth to establish and grow.

A ditch made of soil and stones that protects fields from water runoff. Stones are placed on the lower side of the ditch to raise the soil wall and to stabilize the ditch, reducing the water flow. The technology can be used in several land uses types.

Agroforestry is a collective name for land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (such as trees, shrubs, palms, or bamboos) are deliberately used on the same land-management unit as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. The system has been proposed to farmers and re-introduced to the region with the aim of reducing environmental impacts and energy inputs as well as improving biodiversity and agricultural landscape.

This silvo-pastoral system serves multiple purposes: it increases land productivity with the establishment of fruit trees, supports land conservation by limiting livestock to certain areas, reduces water runoff, and improved soil moisture and water retention (especially in areas on high slopes.

The integrated orchard with pastureland and fodder production is partially fenced to hinder livestock grazing.  Trees are regularly pruned, while the pasture serves as feed for the livestock, with any remaining grass used as cut-and-carry fodder.

Home gardens, containing tree, shrub, herbs, vine, tuber layers as well as poultry, produce food for household consumption as well as an additional income. All seven production layers can be found, with a tree canopy, lower trees, shrubs, herbs, a soil cover, roots and tubers as well as a climbing layer, although the number of layers varies by garden.

Animal draft zero-till involves the use of an animal-drawn mechanical planter to plant directly in un-tilled soil to minimize soil disturbance and leave a cover of crop residues to conserve the soil and water. The protective soil cover reduces evaporation and enhances infiltration while the improved soil structure and organic matter content increases soil water storage making zero tillage an important drought mitigating strategy.

Use of prescribed fire to reduce the fuel load in the form of live and dead plant material and thus to prevent the likelihood of more damaging wildfire. The main purposes are the enhancement of grazing areas and the creation of a national network to limit the spread of wildfire. It involves strategically burning key sites to restrict the spread of the wildfire.

Improvement of pastures through planting perennial legumes, cereals and grasses and creating seed banks. The purpose is to restore the degraded area for later use as a pasture, to secure perennial grass and cereal seed production, and to improve pasture productivity in other areas. Establishment and maintenance activities include fencing the area, ploughing, sowing the cover crops in the spring, and mowing in the autumn.

Rehabilitation measures, including eyebrow pits and live fencing, are used to re-establish a protective vegetative cover. The main purpose was to re-establish vegetative cover on the almost bare, overgrazed site.

Several species of grass and fodder are planted along the ridges of the eyebrows and drainage trenches. Contour hedgerows are established between the eyebrow pits and trenches and trees planted below the pits. Maintenance involves clearing the vegetation and cleaning the pits.

Transformation of degraded pastureland to high quality fodder plot. Grass and legumes are planted on degraded pasture land in fenced fodder plots to improve the availability of quality forage and fodder for livestock during the dry season and to feed small ruminants. The technology also reduces runoff, increases water infiltration during the rains and lessens the effect of floods.

Technique used to restore degraded rangelands (steppe areas). Small shallow ‘pits’ are scooped out by the action of inclined metal disks (similar to the disks of a disk plough). A seed hopper mounted on the top releases small quantities of range-plant seeds into the pits and an attached light harrow covers the seeds with a thin layer of loose topsoil. For optimal reestablishment of vegetation, grazing should be controlled during the initial establishment phase.

The primary purpose of manure separation is to produce a thick fraction with high organic matter and nutrient content and low moisture content. Slurry manure is fed through a manure separator that separates much of the thick material from the liquid portion. The thick material is a valuable fertiliser and can be transported over large distances. The thin fraction can be applied as fertiliser on the farm, on farmland in the proximity, or can be treated into a quality suitable for discharge in the environment or water drainage system.

The daily combining of livestock from all households into a single herd, which are moved to different designated portions of the communal grazing area, and allows grass to recover before being re-grazed some months later. The technology aims to replace continuous, open grazing with a planned system to prepare the soil and grass for the forthcoming rainy season, and is particularly effective in areas with no fences and high incidence of stock theft and predator losses.

Restoring degraded pastureland with alfalfa, a fast-growing plant, and putting the area under quarantine for three years to allow for the pasture to restore sufficiently, which requires the agreement of community members.

Eco-graze is a grazing management system that involves rotation and resting of paddocks. It is based on the establishment of three paddocks with two herds within a rotational system, where all paddocks get some wet season rest two years out of three.

Paddocks are sub-divided into three relatively equal sizes, though some flexibility is required to balance variation in the productive capacity of different land types within the paddock. The paddocks are fenced and extra water points, additional water troughs, and (where required) pumps are established.

The Riaan Dames Grazing Strategy, otherwise known as Split-Ranch Grazing (SRG), is a fundamentally-different technology to grazing management in comparison with popular rotational grazing management systems in many western countries. SRG provides a full-year uninterrupted recovery period for rangeland after grazing.

Collection of cattle urine in improved cattle sheds for use as liquid manure and organic pesticide. Cattle urine, which is a viable alternative to mineral fertiliser, is collected in a pit or drum and protected from rain and runoff. Where urine is collected for incorporation with farmyard manure, the pit may be directly connected to the manure pit or heap. Urine that is used as liquid manure or organic pesticide is stored in a drum for fermentation.

The planting of trees in a portion of land for various uses, such as for the provision of firewood and building materials. Woodlots are mainly used to provide firewood, timber and building materials, and they also prevent soil erosion through their thick mulch and roots that hold the soil together. Other benefits of woodlots include improving/cooling the micro-climate, air purification, and acting as windbreakers.

Selective clearing involves clearing fire-prone species and planting more fire-resistant resprouter species. This directs the vegetation to later successional stages, which increases the resilience to fires. The goals are to reduce the fuel load and its continuity and to increase the resilience of the vegetation to fires.

The aim of this technology is to restore degraded forests by planting seedlings in moisture-accumulating trenches that increase the survival rate of plants in non-irrigated lands. Rainwater is collected in artificial trenches on hill and mountain slopes to accumulate water in the soil around the roots of trees planted at the bottom of the trenches. Native tree species are used, but non-native species can also be planted.

Forest residue mulch is spread immediately after a wildfire in order to prevent soil erosion and reduce overland flow. The mulch is made using chopped tree bark fibre, which decays very slowly and is very useful in cases of low re-growth of natural vegetation.

The technology comprises the construction of linear gravel bed ditches lined with local tree species, at angles across a hill slope to channel the surface water. The ditches prevent waterlogging that previously led to landslides, and enable cultivation on land that was previously unusable.