Establishing regular systems and protocols for government agencies such as weather services to frequently watch drought indicators, such as the precipitation based Standardised Precipitation Index, satellite-based Drought Severity Index, and/or composite indicators such as the US Drought Monitor. The near real-time system can identify drought as it occurs and before major impacts are felt. monitor the onset of drought.

Enhance the efficient use of water through improved management and advanced irrigationtechnologies

Develop new irrigation water systems to deliver water to crops in times of water shortages and stress

Application of irrigation water during drought-sensitive growth stages of a crop. Outside these periods, irrigation is limited or even unnecessary if rainfall provides a minimum supply of water. Water restriction is limited to drought-tolerant phenological stages, often the vegetative stages and the late ripening period.

Raising public awareness means creating a campaign with a specific message on a particular issue

Livestock rotation approach relies on grazing different types of animals on the same land in a carefully controlled pattern, which ideally will enhance the land they roam. With several different animals, the technique is sometimes called multi-species grazing. Destocking refers to reducing the animal stock during drought.

An insurance policy providing coverage for losses due to the death or injury of one's livestock

Dams, troughs or other built infrastructure to supply water to livestock to ensure they have sufficient water during drought.

Use local native plant species which will be more sutable to local climates as the major or supplementary feed source.

Use livestock breeds that are able to survive with less water. May involve cross-breeding with local anmal species that are more tolerant to drought.

Store cut hay for times when grazing fodder is absent

Areas of rangeland and grazing systems are kept aside as reserves during periods of low fodder availability

Linear plantings of trees and shrubs in agriculrual systems, espcially intensively cropped land devoid of trees and shrubs

Eearly maturing crop varieties can yield a positive harvest within three months of planting to protect farmers in case of low rainfall or drought

Drought tolerant crops are species which can survive for long periods of time with little amounts or no water.

Crop insurance refers to an insurance which insures farmers and crop producers against their loss of crops due to natural disasters, such as hail, drought and floods

Applying appropriate rates of fertiliser given available soil water, rainfall and crop nutrient requirements

Cropping systems that do not distrurb (or till) the soil

Adjustment of planting dates to minimise the effect of high temperature low rainfal conditions on key stages of plant phenology and plant development

Leaving crop residues in situ to cover the soil and reduce water loss from evaporation

Platforms able to provide information and data on the status of soil

Land restoration or rehabilitation is the process of ecological restoration of a site to a natural landscape and habitat, safe for humans, wildlife, and plant communities

Sand dams are a simple, low-cost and low-maintenance, replicable rainwater harvesting technology. They provide a clean, local water supply for domestic and farming use and are suited to semi-arid areas of the world

Increases the recycling of water and nutrients, through the sustainable use of agricultural waste. Agricultural waste can also come from harvest and therefore transformed into biogas.

Women are often responsible for food processing and storage, collecting of water and firewood and for generating incomes for subsistence, managing available resources by using indigenous knowledge to secure food supplies for their households.