For the purpose of UNCCD reporting, this land cover class includes any geographic areas dominated by a vegetative cover of 15% or more, it includes natural shrubs life forms, herbaceous plants (e.g. Forbs and Graminoids, grasslands, prairies, steppes and savannahs) or a combination of them, irrespective of different human and/or animal activities, such as: grazing, selective re-management etc; or consist of life forms of Lichens/Mosses. A separate cover condition exists for Lichens/Mosses that can be only applied if this life form contributes at least 25% to the total vegetative cover. Trees
At UNFCCC COP 16 in Cancun in 2010, Governments established a Green Climate Fund as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention under Article 11. The GCF will support projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing country Parties. The Fund will be governed by the GCF Board.
(Source: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/glossary/items/3666.php#G)
The degree to which vegetation absorbs photosynthetically active radiation. It is usually quantified using the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI).
(Source: Huet et al. (2002) Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00096-2 )
Water in soil beneath the soil surface, usually under conditions where the pressure in the water is greater than the atmospheric pressure, and the soil voids are substantially filled with the water.
(Source: http://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/)
Involves securing the recharge of groundwater reserves and protecting them from pollution, over-exploitation/ overuse, and rising groundwater levels that would otherwise lead to salinization.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)
Phenological variables that can be extracted from a temporal curve, produced from the application of a vegetation index to image data. These metrics are the basis for diverse research and monitoring applications, including climate change studies.
Also called backyard or kitchen gardens, home gardens are a traditional multifunctional farming system applied on a small area of land around the family home. They have the potential to supply most of the non-staple foods (including vegetables, fruits, herbs, animals, and fish). They also provide a space for recreation, leisure, and relaxation.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)
A term used to describe an area which is experiencing the most evident and dramatic change.
The positive and negative primary and secondary long-term effects—both intended and unintended—produced directly or indirectly by an intervention.
(Source: OECD-DAC Joint Venture on Managing for Development Results (2008.) Sourcebook on Emerging Good Practice in Managing for Development Results, 3rd edition)
Impact investments are investments made into companies, organizations, and funds with the intention to generate social and environmental impact alongside a financial return. Impact investments can be made in both emerging and developed markets, and target a range of returns from below market to market rate, depending upon the circumstances.
(Source: http://www.thegiin.org/cgi-bin/iowa/resources/about/index.html)
Any measure that aims to improve the ground cover, be it by dead material/ mulch or vegetation
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)
Refers to the development of new plant varieties or animal breeds that offer benefits such as improved production, resistance to pests and diseases, or drought tolerance, in response to changing environmental conditions and land users’ needs.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)
Improved drinking water sources are those which by nature of their design and construction have the potential to deliver safe water. Improved sources include: piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater, and packaged or delivered water.
(Source: Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/launch-version-report…
A tangible or intangible reward, financial or non-financial, meant to encourage a person or group to behave in a certain way, to do certain things, or to achieve certain goals.
In the context of the UNCCD implementation, incentives may be aimed, for example, at facilitating the use of innovative technologies and best practices for SLM. Typical class of incentives may include:
- Policy or regulatory incentives (for example, relating to market requirements and regulations, import/export, foreign investment, research and development support, etc.).
- Financial incentives (for example
Income is money that an individual or business receives in exchange for providing a good or service or through investing capital.
(Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/income.asp#ixzz55Hh4hDop)
Income inequality is the unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy.
(Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/income-inequality.asp#ixzz55Hhm6PHj)
Indicators are variables that reflect a process of interest.
(Source: Adapted from Orr et al. 2017. Scientific Conceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutrality. A Report of the Science-Policy Interface. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), Bonn, Germany. http://www2.unccd.int/sites/default/files/documents/2017-08/LDN_CF_repo…)
The quality of an idea or practice which is new and different.
(Source: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/innovative.html)
A contract (policy) in which an individual or entity receives financial protection or reimbursement against losses from an insurance company. The activity of insurance is intended to provide individual institutional units exposed to certain risks with financial protection against the consequences of the occurrence of specified events; it is also a form of financial intermediation in which funds are collected from policyholders and invested in financial or other assets which are held as technical reserves to meet future claims arising from the occurrence of the events specified in the insurance
Optimizes the uses of crop and livestock resources through interaction and creation of synergies.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)
A process to solve pest and disease problems while minimizing risks to people and the environment. Any practice that attempts to capitalize on natural processes that reduce pest abundance.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)
Aims at managing soil by combining different methods of soil-fertility amendment together with soil and water conservation. ISFM is based on three principles: maximizing the use of organic sources of fertilizer (e.g. manure and compost application, nitrogen-fixing green manure and cover crops); minimizing the loss of nutrients; and judiciously using inorganic fertilizer according to needs and economic availability.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)
In finance, investment is putting money into something with the expectation of gaining revenue, which upon thorough analysis, has a high degree of security of principle, as well as security of return, within an expected period of time.
In economics, investment is the amount purchased per unit time of goods which are not consumed but are to be used for future production.
In the framework of the PRAIS system, investment refers to the use of financial, institutional, human and technical resources for projects, programmes and other relevant activities related to UNCCD implementation.
(Source
Aims to achieve higher water use efficiency through more efficient water collection and abstraction, water storage, distribution, and water application.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)