Any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. (Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Current State & Trends Assessment Report. http://www.maweb.org/en/Condition.aspx)

Any structural/physical measures (e.g., appropriate crops, dams, engineering projects) or non-structural measures (e.g., policies, awareness, knowledge development, public commitment, and operating practices) undertaken to limit the adverse impacts of drought.

(Source: http://www.droughtmanagement.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/WS6-Drough…)

Established policies and specified plans and activities taken before drought to prepare people and enhance institutional and coping capacities, to forecast or warn of approaching dangers, and to ensure coordinated and effective response in a drought situation (contingency planning).
(Source: http://www.unisdr.org)

Efforts such as the provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately after a drought disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected. It can be of an immediate, short-term, or protracted duration.
(Source: http://www.unisdr.org)

Decisions and actions taken after a drought with a view to restoring or improving the pre-drought living conditions of the stricken community, while encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments to reduce drought risk. (Source: http://www.unisdr.org)

Drought risk management (DRM) is the process of data and information gathering for risk analysis and evaluation; appraisal of options; and making, implementing, and reviewing decisions to reduce, control, accept, or redistribute drought risks. It is a continuous process of analysis, adjustment and adaptation of policies and actions to reduce drought risk, including reducing the vulnerability and enhancing the resilience of the receptors threatened. DRM focuses on delivering a drought-resilient society by reducing drought risks and promoting environmental, societal and economic opportunities

Arid, semi-arid or dry sub-humid areas, in which the ratio of mean annual precipitation to mean annual potential evapo-transpiration lies between 0.05 and 0.65. Areas with a ratio of less than 0.05 are considered hyper-arid deserts. (Source: UNCCD. ICCD/CRIC(9)/CRP.1)

The sustainable management, conservation, and restoration of ecosystems with the aim of enabling these ecosystems to provide services that mitigate hazards, reduce vulnerability, and increase livelihood resilience.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)

A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. (Source: CBD. http://www.cbd.int/ecosystem/description.shtml )

Responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strive to be low impact and (often) small scale (as an alternative to mass tourism). Its purpose is to educate the traveller; provide funds for ecological conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights.
(Source: Untamed Path. http://www.untamedpath.com/Ecotourism/defining.html)

The extent to which the investment objectives were achieved, or are expected to be achieved, taking into account their relative importance.
(Source: adapted from the OECD Development Assistance Committee (2002). Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-Based Management http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdf and from IFAD (2009). Evaluation Manual: Methodology and Processes http://www.ifad.org/evaluation/process_methodology/index.htm)

A measure of how financial and other economically valuable resources (e.g. expertise, know-how, time, etc.) are converted into results.
(Source: adapted from the OECD Development Assistance Committee (2002). Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-Based Management http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/29/21/2754804.pdf and from IFAD (2009). Evaluation Manual: Methodology and Processes http://www.ifad.org/evaluation/process_methodology/index.htm)

An 'optimized' vegetation index for use with remote sensing data, similar to NDVI. It is designed to enhance the vegetation signal with improved sensitivity in high biomass regions.
(Source: Huet et al. (2002) Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00096-2.)

Organization(s) in charge of the execution of a project, programme or initiative. This may be a local, national, regional or international organization. Common terminology used by donor agencies.

A technique in which judgment is made based upon a specific set of criteria and/or expertise that has been acquired in a specific knowledge area, or product area, a particular discipline, an industry, etc. This knowledge base can be provided by a member of the project team, or multiple members of the project team, or by a team leader or team leaders.
(Source: https://project-management-knowledge.com/definitions/e/expert-judgment/)

In imagery, an explainable anomaly is an area on an image that differs from the surrounding, normal area and can be interpreted accurately. For example, sensor artefacts, sun coincidence lines or a concentration of vegetation within a desert scene.
(Source: Adapted from http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/rsvlab/glossary.html)

A result which wrongly indicates that a particular condition or attribute is present. (Source: http://www.dictionary.com/)

Collection and gathering of information at the local level by conducting primary surveys through observation, sketching, measurement, interviews, etc.

A financial commitment (or “commitment”) is a firm obligation expressed in an agreement or equivalent contract and supported by the availability of public funds, undertaken by the government, an official agency of the reporting country or an international organisation, to furnish assistance of a specified amount under agreed financial terms and conditions and for specific purposes, for the benefit of a recipient country.
(Source: OECD, Geographical distribution of financial flows to developing countries)

Plantation forests comprise even-aged monocultures and are established primarily for wood and fibre production. They are usually intensively managed and have relatively high growth rates and productivity.
(Source: WOCAT glossary https://www.wocat.net/glossary)

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) is an important biophysical variable, and is widely used in satellite-based production efficiency models to estimate gross primary production or net primary production. FAPAR is the fraction of the incoming solar radiation in the Photosynthetically Active Radiation spectral region (400-700nm) that is absorbed by a photosynthetic organism, typically describing the light absorption across an integrated plant canopy. (Source: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7552775/)

Also known as geo-referencing, is a procedure where the content of an image will be assigned a spatial coordinate system (e.g., geographical latitude and longitude). As a result, the imagery can be used in GIS and other image processing systems. In order, to process the imagery with other data or maps in a GIS, all the data requires the same reference system.
(http://www.seos-project.eu/modules/remotesensing/remotesensing-c05-p01…)

The use of statistics to analyse and predict the values associated with spatial or spatiotemporal phenomena. Exhaustive studies are expensive and time consuming, so the phenomena of interest is usually characterized by taking samples at different locations. Geostatistical modelling is then used to produce predictions (and related measures of uncertainty of the predictions) for the un-sampled locations.
(Source: http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/analysis/geostatistical-analyst/w…)

The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and the hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. A Gini index of zero represents perfect equality and 100, perfect inequality. (Source: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4842)

Measures, methods or activities that match a specific objective or are suitable for a specific natural and human environment. See also ‘Practice’ and ‘Best practices’.