Perennial grasses in orchards and vineyards between rows to provide permanent soil cover. Green cover comprises naturally-occurring, or sown, perennial grasses which form the permanent soil cover. It is an effective practice to provide a natural supply of mineral elements to the soil surface, while the stabilisation of root system improves the soil physical properties. The permanent soil cover prevents water erosion and limits the leaching of nutrients and pesticides.

Crop rotation is an agronomic practice that consists of the successive cultivation of different crops in a specified order on the same fields. In the past, legumes were commonly used as a biological and economic source of Nitrogen. Nowadays, Nitrogen-fixing legumes have been recovering as viable crops because of the increased cost of Nitrogen fertilizer and the need to develop more sustainable farming systems.

A ditch made of soil and stones that protects fields from water runoff. Stones are placed on the lower side of the ditch to raise the soil wall and to stabilize the ditch, reducing the water flow. The technology can be used in several land uses types.

A stone bund is an embankment of stones constructed across the slope along a contour. The stone wall is stabilized with grasses and fodder plant species. Its main purpose is moisture harvesting and controlling soil erosion from cultivated fields so that the plants have sufficient soil depth to establish and grow.

An artificial drainage channel constructed along a steep slope to receive run-off from cut-off drains and graded structures and safely drain it towards a natural waterway. The waterway carries excess water to the river, reservoirs or gullies safely without creating erosion. Vegetative waterways can be used in place of stones and for gentler slopes. Paved waterways are suitable in steeper terrains and areas with large amount of stones.

The stone bund is an embankment constructed along the contour to minimize soil erosion and prevent runoff damage from downstream fields. It is constructed from stone/soil, with a ditch at the upper side of the bund for stabilisation. The technology is suitable for areas with gentle to undulating slopes and in cultivated areas with moderate soil depth.

A low cost and an easy activity for protecting agricultural lands, gardens and public infrastructure from the damages of flash flood. The plantation of long root trees in lower catchment areas is to hold the soil in place with their root structures, decreasing land degradation and soil erosion. Cuttings of willow and poplar also serve as wind breaks. Protection by fencing with barbed wire in two first years also prevents grazing of leaves and new branches by animals.