Eearly maturing crop varieties can yield a positive harvest within three months of planting to protect farmers in case of low rainfall or drought

Drought tolerant crops are species which can survive for long periods of time with little amounts or no water.

Crop insurance refers to an insurance which insures farmers and crop producers against their loss of crops due to natural disasters, such as hail, drought and floods

Applying appropriate rates of fertiliser given available soil water, rainfall and crop nutrient requirements

Cropping systems that do not distrurb (or till) the soil

Adjustment of planting dates to minimise the effect of high temperature low rainfal conditions on key stages of plant phenology and plant development

Leaving crop residues in situ to cover the soil and reduce water loss from evaporation

Platforms able to provide information and data on the status of soil

Land restoration or rehabilitation is the process of ecological restoration of a site to a natural landscape and habitat, safe for humans, wildlife, and plant communities

Sand dams are a simple, low-cost and low-maintenance, replicable rainwater harvesting technology. They provide a clean, local water supply for domestic and farming use and are suited to semi-arid areas of the world

Increases the recycling of water and nutrients, through the sustainable use of agricultural waste. Agricultural waste can also come from harvest and therefore transformed into biogas.

Women are often responsible for food processing and storage, collecting of water and firewood and for generating incomes for subsistence, managing available resources by using indigenous knowledge to secure food supplies for their households.

This guideline presents a set of four global impact indicators and their methodologies wich, when take togueter, can be used to determine the trends in combating land degradation and desertification through sustainable land management practices that improve the productivity of agro-ecosystem while generating other associated global benefits.

This document serves as an instructional and guiding text for stakeholders interested in performing costbenefit analyses for sustainable land management options using the ELD Initiative supported approach, and includes examples from the Initiative and its partners to demonstrate how each part of the process functions practically.

The Scientific Conceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) provides a scientific foundation for understanding, implementing and monitoring LDN. It has been designed to create a bridge between the vision and the practical implementation of LDN, by defining LDN in operational terms. The conceptual framework is a product of the UNCCD Science-Policy Interface.

The System of Environmental-Economic Accounts for Water (SEEA-Water) is an integrated approach to water monitoring, bringing together a wide range of water-related statistics across sectors into one coherent information system. The SEEA-Water is the conceptual framework and set of accounts which presents hydrological information alongside economic information in a consistent way.

This handbook provides practical guidance for planning and implementing community-led ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) in three vulnerable ecosystems: mountains, drylands and coastal areas. It is intended for project managers, practitioners and technical specialists. The guidance is structured around eight key steps in the project cycle, and includes general implementation protocols for EbA in each target ecosystem. It also includes an introduction to EbA which is intended for a broader audience, including policymakers.

The RAND Corporation and the Rockefeller Foundation formed a partnership to develop a modeling framework that can be used to estimate the net benefits of a resilience project. We call the framework the Resilience Dividend Valuation Model (RDVM). The RDVM addresses the absorption of shocks and stressors, the recovery path following a shock, and any co-benefits that accrue from a project, even in the absence of a shock. For any given project, the estimated dividend may be positive or negative. The RDVM is designed to provide a systematic, "structural" framework for assessing resilience interventions that ultimately create benefits and costs within a system, such as a community or city. This guide provides a detailed overview of the RDVM to help policymakers and practitioners understand how it can be implemented across a range of contexts.

The mission of the IHSN is to improve the availability, accessibility, and quality of survey data within developing countries, and to encourage the analysis and use of this data by national and international development decision makers, the research community, and other stakeholders.

The Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (CVCA) methodology helps us to understand the implications of climate change for the lives and livelihoods of the people we serve. By combining local knowledge with scientific data, the process builds people's understanding about climate risks and adaptation strategies. It provides a framework for dialogue within communities, as well as between communities and other stakeholders. The results provide a solid foundation for the identification of practical strategies to facilitate community-based adaptation to climate change.

The UK Water Resources Portal showcases rainfall, river flow, soil moisture and groundwater data in (near) real-time at a range of spatial scales, for both raw data and standardised indices.

The Global Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation (PROVIA) has responded to this challenge by revising and improving existing guidance for assessing climate change vulnerability, impacts and adaptation, covering the range of available approaches, methods and tools. This document is the result of this effort, which has been a pleasure for me to coordinate. The PROVIA Guidance is meant to be informative rather than prescriptive; its intended users are researchers, adaptation practitioners, decision-makers and those involved in project, programme and policy formulation. The Guidance is conceived as a �living document�: the current version is a consultation document that will benefit from feedback from users.